The Doctors of the Church are saints whom the Pope has formally honored for the outstanding holiness, learning and lasting value of their teaching; there are thirty-eight of them, from the great Fathers of the early centuries such as St. Augustine and St. John Chrysostom to St. John Henry Newman, proclaimed in 2025. Four of them are women: St. Teresa of Ávila, St. Catherine of Siena, St. Thérèse of Lisieux and St. Hildegard of Bingen. “Doctor” here means teacher, from the Latin docere, “to teach.” Below are the complete list with their dates, titles and feast days, the story of how the title began, and a prayer to the holy Doctors.
A short prayer to the Doctors of the Church, written for this page:
Holy Doctors of the Church, you loved God with your whole mind and taught the truth with your lives.
Pray for the Church, for teachers, students and all who seek the truth,
and help me to know Christ more deeply and to love Him more. Amen.
What is a Doctor of the Church?
The title is given by the Pope, or by an ecumenical council, to a saint whose teaching has been especially fruitful for the whole Church. Three conditions are traditionally required: holiness of life confirmed by canonization, eminent learning, and a formal proclamation by the Church. Martyrdom is not required, and the title does not mean that every opinion a Doctor held is part of Catholic doctrine; it means that his or her writings are a sure guide to the faith.
The first Doctors were the four great Latin Fathers, Gregory the Great, Ambrose, Augustine and Jerome, honored together by Pope Boniface VIII in 1298. In 1568 Pope St. Pius V added St. Thomas Aquinas and the four great Greek Fathers, John Chrysostom, Basil, Gregory of Nazianzus and Athanasius. Since then popes have added Doctors from every century, most recently St. Irenaeus (2022) and St. John Henry Newman (2025).
The complete list of the 38 Doctors of the Church
| # | Doctor | Lived | Declared | Feast day |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | St. Gregory the Great, pope | c. 540–604 | 1298, Boniface VIII | September 3 |
| 2 | St. Ambrose, bishop of Milan | c. 340–397 | 1298, Boniface VIII | December 7 |
| 3 | St. Augustine, bishop of Hippo, “Doctor of Grace” | 354–430 | 1298, Boniface VIII | August 28 |
| 4 | St. Jerome, priest and translator of the Bible | c. 347–420 | 1298, Boniface VIII | September 30 |
| 5 | St. Thomas Aquinas, “Angelic Doctor” | 1225–1274 | 1567, Pius V | January 28 |
| 6 | St. John Chrysostom, bishop of Constantinople | c. 349–407 | 1568, Pius V | September 13 |
| 7 | St. Basil the Great, bishop of Caesarea | c. 330–379 | 1568, Pius V | January 2 |
| 8 | St. Gregory of Nazianzus, “the Theologian” | c. 329–390 | 1568, Pius V | January 2 |
| 9 | St. Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria | c. 296–373 | 1568, Pius V | May 2 |
| 10 | St. Bonaventure, “Seraphic Doctor” | 1221–1274 | 1588, Sixtus V | July 15 |
| 11 | St. Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury | 1033–1109 | 1720, Clement XI | April 21 |
| 12 | St. Isidore of Seville, bishop | c. 560–636 | 1722, Innocent XIII | April 4 |
| 13 | St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop of Ravenna | c. 380–450 | 1729, Benedict XIII | July 30 |
| 14 | St. Leo the Great, pope | c. 400–461 | 1754, Benedict XIV | November 10 |
| 15 | St. Peter Damian, cardinal | 1007–1072 | 1828, Leo XII | February 21 |
| 16 | St. Bernard of Clairvaux, “Mellifluous Doctor” | 1090–1153 | 1830, Pius VIII | August 20 |
| 17 | St. Hilary of Poitiers, bishop | c. 315–367 | 1851, Pius IX | January 13 |
| 18 | St. Alphonsus Liguori, bishop | 1696–1787 | 1871, Pius IX | August 1 |
| 19 | St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Geneva, “Doctor of Charity” | 1567–1622 | 1877, Pius IX | January 24 |
| 20 | St. Cyril of Alexandria, bishop, “Doctor of the Incarnation” | c. 376–444 | 1882, Leo XIII | June 27 |
| 21 | St. Cyril of Jerusalem, bishop | c. 315–386 | 1882, Leo XIII | March 18 |
| 22 | St. John Damascene, priest | c. 675–749 | 1890, Leo XIII | December 4 |
| 23 | St. Bede the Venerable, priest | c. 673–735 | 1899, Leo XIII | May 25 |
| 24 | St. Ephrem the Syrian, deacon | c. 306–373 | 1920, Benedict XV | June 9 |
| 25 | St. Peter Canisius, priest | 1521–1597 | 1925, Pius XI | December 21 |
| 26 | St. John of the Cross, priest, “Mystical Doctor” | 1542–1591 | 1926, Pius XI | December 14 |
| 27 | St. Robert Bellarmine, cardinal | 1542–1621 | 1931, Pius XI | September 17 |
| 28 | St. Albert the Great, bishop, “Universal Doctor” | c. 1200–1280 | 1931, Pius XI | November 15 |
| 29 | St. Anthony of Padua, priest, “Evangelical Doctor” | 1195–1231 | 1946, Pius XII | June 13 |
| 30 | St. Lawrence of Brindisi, priest, “Apostolic Doctor” | 1559–1619 | 1959, John XXIII | July 21 |
| 31 | St. Teresa of Ávila, virgin | 1515–1582 | 1970, Paul VI | October 15 |
| 32 | St. Catherine of Siena, virgin | 1347–1380 | 1970, Paul VI | April 29 |
| 33 | St. Thérèse of Lisieux, virgin | 1873–1897 | 1997, John Paul II | October 1 |
| 34 | St. John of Ávila, priest | c. 1500–1569 | 2012, Benedict XVI | May 10 |
| 35 | St. Hildegard of Bingen, abbess | 1098–1179 | 2012, Benedict XVI | September 17 |
| 36 | St. Gregory of Narek, Armenian monk | c. 951–1003 | 2015, Francis | February 27 |
| 37 | St. Irenaeus of Lyon, bishop, “Doctor of Unity” | c. 130–202 | 2022, Francis | June 28 |
| 38 | St. John Henry Newman, cardinal | 1801–1890 | 2025, Leo XIV | October 9 |
The women Doctors of the Church
- St. Teresa of Ávila and St. Catherine of Siena, the first women Doctors, proclaimed by St. Paul VI in 1970.
- St. Thérèse of Lisieux, the young Carmelite of the “Little Way,” proclaimed by St. John Paul II in 1997, on the centenary of her death.
- St. Hildegard of Bingen, the Benedictine abbess, mystic and composer, proclaimed by Benedict XVI in 2012.
Frequently asked questions
How many Doctors of the Church are there?
Thirty-eight, as of 2025, when Pope Leo XIV proclaimed St. John Henry Newman a Doctor of the Church.
Who was the most recent Doctor of the Church?
St. John Henry Newman, proclaimed on November 1, 2025. Before him, St. Irenaeus of Lyon was named in 2022.
Who are the four great Doctors of the Western Church?
St. Gregory the Great, St. Ambrose, St. Augustine and St. Jerome.
Who are the four great Doctors of the Eastern Church?
St. John Chrysostom, St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nazianzus and St. Athanasius.